The fifth most common cancer in the female population
DR NIVIAN SUKIRTHAN
Ovarian Cancer is the 5th most common cancer in the female population with most found in those above the age of 60. Unfortunately it is often detected later in life thus has quite a poor prognosis and outcome. The aim of this article is to help you identify symptoms you may be experiencing early on, enabling you to seek further advice from your GP in an earlier timeframe.
The ovaries are essential in a female’s reproductive/gynaecological health; this is where oocytes (aka eggs) are produced and stored. The ovaries are connected to fallopian tubes on either side which lead into the uterus (aka womb).
Risk factors associated with Ovarian Cancer:
A positive family history of ovarian cancer (including genetic predispositions- specifically BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene also implicated in breast cancer)
Having your first period (aka menarche) at a very early age (average age= 11-15 years)
Having your last period (aka menopause) at a very late age (average age= 47-52 years)
Not having children
Interestingly protective factors against ovarian cancer include use of the combined oral contraceptive pill, pregnancy, breastfeeding and finally getting an operation to remove the female reproductive organs.
Symptoms to look out for: BEAT
B- bloating (abdominal bloating/distension) E- eating difficulty (feeling full early)
A- abdominal and pelvic pain
T- toilet changes (urinary frequency/urgency, diarrhoea)
It is essential that if you have these symptoms to seek attention from your GP who will likely order a blood test called a ‘Ca-125’. Although there are other conditions that can cause an elevation in your ‘Ca-125 level’, this is an important initial test. You may subsequently be offered an ultrasound scan of your abdomen/pelvis if Ca-125 level is elevated.
Doctors can calculate an RMI (risk of malignancy index) which assess your Ca-125 level, ultrasound appearance of the ovaries and whether you have reached menopause or not. Depending on the above, the Gynaecology team can decide on which treatments to offer you whether that be surgery or chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Despite the above, ovarian cancer unfortunately still remains a difficult cancer to get a hold of with 80% of women having advanced progression of cancer at initial presentation with a dismal 5-year survival rate of only 46%. It is imperative you seek medical attention early if you have any concerns regarding the above.